In 1917, at the height of World War I, the Germans declared unrestricted submarin warfare (sinking merhant ships without warning) in an attempt to cut off trade and supplies to Britain. The British Amiralty decided to produce their answer to German U-boats - a fleet of 325-foot-long steam-powered sumbarines called K Class submarines that were nicknamed the Kalamity Class. Here´s why:
- K1 collided with K4 off the Danish coast on November 18, 1917, and was purposely sunk to avoid capture.
- K2 caught fire on her maiden dive.
-K3 sank for no apparent reason (with the Prince Of Wales aboard) and then mysteriosuly surfaced again.
- K5 was lost due to unknown reasons during a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay on January 20, 1921. The submarine signaled she was diving, and nothing was ever heard from her again.
- K 13 sank January 19, 1917, during sea trials, when an intake failed to close while submerging and her engine roon flooded. She was eventually salvaged and recommissioned as K22 in Match 1917.
- Two K Class boats were lost in an incident known as the "Battle" of May Island on January 31, 1918. The cruiser HMS Fearless colidded with the K17 lead submarine, which sank in about eight minutes. In an attmept to get out of the cruiser´s way, K4 was struck by K6, nearly cutting her in half, and way then struck by K7 before she finally ank with all her crew. At the same time, K22 (the recommissioned K13) and K14 colidded, although both survived. In a little over an hour and fifteen minutes, two submarines had been sunk, three badly damaged, and 105 crewmembers killed.
- Only one K Class boat ever engaged an enemy vessel, hitting a German U-boat with a torpedo - which failed to explode. In 1918 (after the accidental deaths of some 250 British sailors), the K Clas sproject was abandoned.
In 1883, the citizens of Lijar, a small town in southern Spain, were infuriated when reports came back that while visiting France, King Alfonso XII had been insulted and attacked. The mayor of the town demanded retribution and declared war on France on October 14, 1883. Not a single shot was fired and not an injury was sustained during the confrontation. Nonetheless, Mayor Saez became known as "The Terror of the Sierras" for his exploit.
Ninety-three years later, in 1976, King Huan Carlos, Alfonso´s great-grandson, made a visit to France during which he was treated with great respect. In 1981, the town council of Lijar ruled that "in view of the excellent attitude of the French," they would suspend hostilities and agree to a cease-fire with France. The current Mayor of Lijar, Diego Sanchez, said humbly, "We´ve forgiven them now," making this the first time in two centuries that France fought a war and didn´t lose.
Mittwoch, 27. Januar 2010
Mittwoch, 13. Januar 2010
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